Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) key genes analysis in rat anti-CD28-induced immune tolerance kidney transplantation

BackgroundIn the field of transplantation, inducing immune tolerance in recipients is of great importance. Blocking co-stimulatory molecule using anti-CD28 antibody could induce tolerance in a rat kidney transplantation model. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) reveals strong immune suppressive abilities in kidney transplantation. Here we analyzed key genes of MDSCs leading to transplant tolerance in this model.MethodsMicroarray data of rat gene expression profiles under accession number {"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE28545","term_id":"28545"}}GSE28545 in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed. Running the LIMMA package in R language, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found. Enrichment analysis of the DEGs was conducted in the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database to explore gene ontology (GO) annotation and their Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Their protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were provided by STRING database and was visualized in Cytoscape. Hub genes were carried out by CytoHubba.ResultsThree hundred and thirty-eight DEGs were exported, including 27 upregulated and 311 downregulated genes. The functions and KEGG pathways of the DEGs were assessed and the PPI network was constructed based on the string interactions of the DEGs. The network was visualized in Cytoscape; the entire PPI network consisted of 192 nodes and 469 edges. Zap70, Cdc42, Stat1, Stat4, Ccl5 and Cxcr3 were among the hub genes.ConclusionsThese key genes, corresponding proteins and their functions may provide valuable background for both basic and clinical research and could be the direction of future studies in immune tolerance, especially those examining immunocyte-induced tolerance.     

非吸烟女性肺癌潜在相关基因的生物信息学分析及功能预测

目的：对非吸烟女性肺癌潜在相关基因进行生物信息学分析及功能预测，探讨非吸烟女性肺癌患者的发病机制及预后标志物。方法：选择从GEO数据库下载非吸烟女性肺癌患者的基因芯片并用GEO2R软件筛选出差异表达基因（differentially expressed gene，DEG），再利用STRING 在线分析软件对DEG 进行GO 和KEGG 分析以及蛋白互作（protein-protein interaction,PPI）网络分析，然后利用插件（M-CODE）对所有DEG进行可视化处理，筛选关键DEG，最后利用GEPIA及Kaplan-Meier plotter在线工具对关键DEG进行功能预测及预后分析。结果：共筛选出160 个DEG，其中上调54 个、下调106 个；GO分析其生物学功能主要与血管形成、单个生物细胞间黏附、GTPase活性正调控和信号转导密切相关（均P<0.05）。KEGG分析发现，可能主要与细胞黏附分子、白细胞迁移、紧密连接和胞吞作用相关（均P<0.05）。PPI 网络分析获得8 个关键DEG，分别是TIE1、PECAM1、VEGFD、ICAM2、ESAM、EMCN、ROBO4 和CLDN5。结论：TIE1、CLDN5、ICAM2、ESAM、VEGFD、ROBO4 可能是非吸烟女性肺癌发病机制的研究靶点，PECAM1、EMCN可能是预测非吸烟女性肺癌患者病情进展及预后的标志物。     

Enzymatic recovery of silver from waste radiographic film: Optimize with response surface methodology

Silver is one of the valuable materials exist freely on earth crust. Worldwide, massive demand in different purpose makes silver very valuable. On information nearly twenty percent of silver were collected from non-ferrous metallurgical industry, locally generated scrap and photographic film. The toxicity of silver directly impact on surface and ground ecosystem. So it's compulsory to treat and recycle silver from waste material. To fulfil the demand of silver from waste, an enzyme from pineapple make of use. The aim of research work is to recover the silver metal from waste X-ray film by bromelain enzyme as biocatalyst. Response surface methodology full factorial design was used to optimize three operating parameters for maximum recovery of silver. The result shows silver recovery increases with increase in protein concentration, 5.4 mg of pure silver can be recovered from 600 mg of waste X-rays film at most favourable condition of protein concentration 0.2857 mg/ml; temperature 45 °C, pH6.5 and stripping time 20 min. At same optimised parameters, papain biocatalyst shows 4.8 mg and sodium hydroxide shows 5.2 mg recovery of pure silver. The obtained silver powder (grain) having 91.12% purity and total silver recovered.     

芪玉三龙汤调节Beclin1,Atg5,LC3B表达以抑制肺癌肿瘤生长机制

目的:研究芪玉三龙汤对肺癌小鼠皮下移植瘤生长及对自噬关键分子酵母Atg6同系物(Beclin1),自噬相关基因5(autophagy related genes,Atg5)及微管相关蛋白1轻链3(microtubule-associated protein1light chain3,LC3B)表达的影响。方法:采用Lewis肺癌细胞(lewis lung cancer cell,LLC)构建肺癌移植瘤小鼠模型,造模成功后随机分为模型组、芪玉三龙汤组、顺铂组及联合组,每组18只移植瘤小鼠。模型组每日按照生理盐水20 mL·kg~(-1)灌胃;芪玉三龙汤组每日按照80. 48 g·kg~(-1)灌胃;顺铂组在第1,3,5天腹腔注射顺铂溶液(DDP)0. 4 mL;联合组每日按80. 48 g·kg~(-1)灌胃给药,并分别在第1,3,5天腹腔注射顺铂溶液0. 4 mL;连续治疗21 d剥离瘤组织,称取瘤重,计算抑瘤率。苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察肿瘤组织形态学改变。免疫组化检测肿瘤组织中Beclin1,LC3B蛋白表达和定位。蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)测定Beclin1,Atg5,微管相关蛋白1轻链3-I(LC3B-Ⅰ)及微管相关蛋白1轻链3-Ⅱ(LC3B-Ⅱ)蛋白表达,并计算LC3B-Ⅱ/LC3B-Ⅰ。实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测肿瘤组织Beclin1,Atg5 mRNA转录水平。结果:芪玉三龙汤具有温和的移植瘤抑制作用,抑瘤率为31. 2%;镜下观察芪玉三龙汤组肿瘤组织可见片状坏死的肿瘤细胞;免疫组化及Western blot实验表明,与模型组比较,芪玉三龙汤能够上调Beclin1,Atg5,LC3B蛋白的表达(P 0. 01),并且能促进LC3B-Ⅰ转化为LC3B-Ⅱ;Real-time PCR结果表明,与模型组比较,芪玉三龙汤能够促进Beclin1,Atg5 mRNA的转录(P 0. 01)。结论:芪玉三龙汤对肺肿瘤生长具有温和地抑制作用,其作用机制可能与上调自噬关键分子Beclin1,Atg5,LC3B表达,促进LC3B-Ⅰ向LC3B-Ⅱ转化有关。     

利用转录组测序分析与华重楼种子休眠解除相关差异基因

为探究华重楼种子休眠解除过程中差异基因的表达情况及相关代谢通路,以华重楼休眠解除前后种胚为材料,利用新一代高通量测序手段对供试样品进行转录组测序并进行系统生物信息学分析。从cDNA文库中分别获得62 882 650,62 263 366个clean reads,共得到69 248个差异表达基因,上调的表达基因有56 426个,下调的表达基因有12 822个。共有138 267个差异表达基因被GO功能注释到生物进程、分子功能和细胞组分3个大类58个亚类,注释的差异表达基因与代谢过程、生物调控、细胞组分合成和酶催化活性等密切相关。对58 722个差异表达基因进行pathway显著性富集分析,共发现139个代谢通路,休眠前后的DEGs主要富集在碳代谢、次生代谢产物生物合成和多糖代谢等途径。基于KEGG数据库中注释结果,共发现16条与华重楼休眠解除相关的代谢通路。华重楼种子发育与休眠解除过程中大量与种胚形态建成、多糖分解及蛋白质合成的差异基因参与表达,涉及到多个代谢途径的相互作用,构成复杂的休眠解除调控网络。     

COVID-19, SARS and MERS: A neurological perspective

Central to COVID-19 pathophysiology is an acute respiratory infection primarily manifesting as pneumonia. Two months into the COVID-19 outbreak, however, a retrospective study in China involving more than 200 participants revealed a neurological component to COVID-19 in a subset of patients. The observed symptoms, the cause of which remains unclear, included impaired consciousness, skeletal muscle injury and acute cerebrovascular disease, and appeared more frequently in severe disease. Since then, findings from several studies have hinted at various possible neurological outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Here, we review the historical association between neurological complications and highly pathological coronaviruses including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. We draw from evidence derived from past coronavirus outbreaks, noting the similarities and differences between SARS and MERS, and the current COVID-19 pandemic. We end by briefly discussing possible mechanisms by which the coronavirus impacts on the human nervous system, as well as neurology-specific considerations that arise from the repercussions of COVID-19.     

血管紧张素转换酶2对儿童2019冠状病毒病的作用研究进展

随着严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）在全球的肆虐，儿童感染者人数也越来越多。血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）是SARS-CoV-2感染人体的结合位点之一，可以与病毒尖峰蛋白结合，使得跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶（TMPRSS2）启动S蛋白触发感染，引起白细胞介素-1、干扰素-γ、肿瘤坏死因子等多种炎性因子的产生。与成人相比，儿童的ACE2及TMPRSS2的表达水平较低，推测儿童症状较成人轻，发病人数较成人少均与此有关。该综述对SARS-CoV-2感染过程中ACE2的作用研究进展进行总结，有助于了解SARS-CoV-2的致病机制，为更好地开发药物及疫苗，防治儿童2019冠状病毒病提供参考。